How should we value environmental quality and health?
• What are the best ways in which to protect them?
• Many options:
– Environmental Standards (ES) and Environmental Quality
Objectives (EQOs).
• Environmental indicators.
• Air Quality and Occupational Exposure Limits and Objectives.
• Legislation that forces attainment of objectives.
– Integrated Pollution Control (IPC).
• Regulations on the use of Best Available Techniques (BAT) for
pollution abatement.
• Regulations on emissions from prescribed processes.
– Environmental Costing.
• Polluter pays principle.
• Taxation, emissions trading.
• Cost benefit analysis.
Local? National? International?
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